The word "ruby" comes from the Latin word ruber, which means red.
Elements determing the value of ruby
Prices of rubies are primarily determined by color. The brightest and most valuable "red" called blood-red or "pigeon blood", commands a large premium over other rubies of similar quality. The most preferred color is a deep blood red with a slightly bluish hue. Such Ruby is known as "Burmese Ruby" or "Pigeon's Blood Ruby".
After color follows clarity: similar to diamonds, a clear stone will command a premium, but a ruby without any needle-like rutile inclusions may indicate that the stone has been treated.
Cut and carat (weight) are also an important factor in determining the price.
Ruby Mines
Rubies have historically been mined in Thailand, the Pailin and Samlout District of Cambodia, Burma, India, Afghanistan, Australia, Namibia, Colombia, Japan,Scotland, Brazil and in Pakistan.
The world's most expensive ruby is the Sunrise Ruby.
The Sunrise Ruby is the world's most expensive ruby, most expensive coloured gemstone, and most expensive gemstone other than a diamond. In May 2015, it sold at auction in Switzerland to an anonymous buyer for US$30 million.
Legends around rubies
According to the story of Marco Polo, Kublai Khan offered the King of Ceylon a city in exchange for a large ruby. According to legend, the owner of a ruby is assured a life of peace and plenty.
Ruby is the birthstone for those born in July and is used to celebrate the fifteenth and fortieth wedding anniversaries.